A new study has found long-lasting toxins known as ‘forever chemicals’ present in bottled and tap water from around the world. The toxins, scientifically known as PFAs (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are called ‘forever chemicals’ as they can take centuries to break down in the environment. The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Birmingham, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Hainan University. Scientists analyzed 112 bottled water samples (87 brands) from 15 countries, along with 55 tap water samples from the UK and China. PFAs are used in different industrial products like pesticides, non-stick cookware and food packaging, due to their water and stain-repellent properties. The toxins can enter wastewater through many day-to-day activities, and have been linked to severe health conditions such as liver damage, thyroid disease, obesity, fertility issues and cancer. Two of the most notable forever chemicals (perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate) were found in over 99% of bottled water samples. Natural mineral water sourced from groundwater was more likely to contain higher concentrations of PFAs compared to purified water. Higher concentrations of PFAs were detected in Chinese tap water, with some samples exceeding the latest health guidelines set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The researchers found that common household water treatment methods, such as boiling and activated carbon filtration, can significantly reduce PFAS concentrations in drinking water. “Increased awareness about the presence of PFAS in both tap and bottled water can lead to more informed choices by consumers, encouraging the use of water purification methods,” said Professor Yi Zheng from Southern University of Science and Technology. They also found that the potential risks linked to PFAs are “influenced by lifestyle and economic conditions.”