Cannabis extracts and the diabetes drug metformin could alleviate behavioural difficulties associated with Fragile X syndrome and Phelan-McDermid syndrome, scientists claim. Dr Ilse Gantois of McGill University in Montreal, Canada, claimed these treatments can significantly improve symptoms in mouse models of these genetic conditions. Fragile X syndrome and Phelan-McDermid syndrome are characterized by neurodevelopmental challenges, often including autism spectrum disorder traits like speech delay, social difficulties, and repetitive behaviours. The research was presented at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) Forum 2024 in Vienna, Austria, on June 26. Dr Ilse Gantois said: 'In my interactions with families affected by Fragile X syndrome, I've witnessed their struggles firsthand. My goal is to find safe treatments that can enhance the quality of life for individuals with these conditions.' Previous studies by Dr Gantois demonstrated that metformin corrected biochemical abnormalities in adult mice modelling Fragile X syndrome. New research claims that early treatment with metformin in newborn mice prevented the development of impaired speech and repetitive behaviours. It added that CBD administration from a young age in mouse models of Fragile X and Phelan-McDermid syndromes showed remarkable improvements in adult behaviours related to social interactions and repetitive behaviours. Dr Ilse Gantois said: 'These findings could profoundly impact the lives of individuals with Fragile X and Phelan-McDermid syndromes, potentially enhancing speech development, social interactions, and reducing repetitive behaviours.' Dr Richard Roche, who has seen the research, said: 'Mouse models provide critical insights into the neurological mechanisms underlying these syndromes and offer a platform to explore new therapeutic avenues. '