The Supreme Court heard consolidated oral argument in [Trump v. CASA], [Trump v. Washington], and [Trump v. New Jersey], a case about nationwide injunctions halting President Donald Trump's executive order on birthright citizenship. On his first day back in office, President Trump signed an executive order limiting birthright citizenship. Three federal district court judges in the states of Washington, Maryland, and Massachusetts blocked the order with nationwide injunctions, thereby stopping it from taking effect. Trump then appealed to the Supreme Court on its emergency docket to remove or limit the injunctions. The Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment was enacted after the U.S. Civil War, in response to the case of [Dred Scott v. Sandford], which ruled that U.S. citizenship did not apply to African Americans. Since then, birthright citizenship has been official precedent.